Kconfig Tools 参考

This guide provides detailed documentation for all Kconfig configuration tools in the Nexus Embedded Platform.

概述

The Nexus platform provides several Python-based tools for working with Kconfig configurations:

• generate_config.py: Generate C header files from .config

• validate_kconfig.py: Validate Kconfig syntax and dependencies

• kconfig_migrate.py: Migrate configurations between versions

• kconfig_diff.py: Compare two configurations

• generate_config_docs.py: Generate configuration documentation

All tools are located in scripts/Kconfig/ directory.

generate_config.py

概述

Generates C header files from Kconfig .config files. This is the primary tool for converting Kconfig configuration to C macros.

用法

Basic usage:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

With options:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py \
    --config .config \
    --output nexus_config.h \
    --prefix NX_CONFIG_

Command-Line Options

--config PATH          Path to .config file (default: .config)
--output PATH          Output header file path (default: nexus_config.h)
--prefix PREFIX        Macro prefix (default: NX_CONFIG_)
--Kconfig PATH         Root Kconfig file (default: Kconfig)
--default              Generate default configuration
--verbose              Enable verbose output
--help                 Show help message

示例

Generate from .config:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py --config .config

Generate default configuration:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py --default

Custom output file:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py \
    --config platforms/native/defconfig \
    --output build/native_config.h

Custom prefix:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py \
    --prefix MY_CONFIG_

Output Format

Input (.config):

CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32=y
CONFIG_STM32F407=y
CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE=115200
CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS=y

Output (nexus_config.h):

#ifndef NEXUS_CONFIG_H
#define NEXUS_CONFIG_H

#define NX_CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32 1
#define NX_CONFIG_STM32F407 1
#define NX_CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE 115200
#define NX_CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS 1

#endif /* NEXUS_CONFIG_H */

类型 Conversion

Boolean values:

CONFIG_UART_ENABLE=y    # -> #define NX_CONFIG_UART_ENABLE 1
CONFIG_ADC_ENABLE=n     # -> /* #undef NX_CONFIG_ADC_ENABLE */

Integer values:

CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE=115200  # -> #define NX_CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE 115200

Hexadecimal values:

CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x20000000  # -> #define NX_CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START 0x20000000

String values:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_NAME="STM32"  # -> #define NX_CONFIG_PLATFORM_NAME "STM32"

Integration with Build System

CMake integration:

# Generate configuration header
execute_process(
    COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE}
            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py
            --config ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/.config
            --output ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/nexus_config.h
    RESULT_VARIABLE RESULT
)

if(NOT RESULT EQUAL 0)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to generate configuration")
endif()

Make integration:

nexus_config.h: .config
    python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

错误处理

Missing .config file:

Error: Configuration file '.config' not found
Use --default to generate default configuration

Invalid Kconfig syntax:

Error: Invalid Kconfig syntax in platforms/STM32/Kconfig:42
Unexpected token: 'endmenu'

Circular dependency:

Error: Circular dependency detected:
CONFIG_A depends on CONFIG_B
CONFIG_B depends on CONFIG_A

validate_kconfig.py

概述

Validates Kconfig files for syntax errors, dependency issues, and structural problems.

用法

Basic usage:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig

With options:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig \
    --check-deps \
    --check-values \
    --config .config

Command-Line Options

KCONFIG_FILE           Root Kconfig file to validate
--check-deps           Check for dependency issues
--check-values         Validate configuration values
--config PATH          Configuration file to validate
--verbose              Enable verbose output
--help                 Show help message

示例

Validate Kconfig syntax:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig

Check dependencies:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig --check-deps

Validate configuration values:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig \
    --check-values \
    --config .config

Validate specific file:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py platforms/STM32/Kconfig

验证 Checks

Syntax validation:

• Block structure (if/endif, menu/endmenu, choice/endchoice)

• Keyword spelling

• Indentation consistency

• Comment syntax

Dependency validation:

• 循环依赖

• 未定义的符号引用

• 无法满足的依赖

• Missing dependencies

Value validation:

• 范围 constraint violations

• Invalid type values

• 缺少必需的符号

• Conflicting values

Structural validation:

• 源文件存在性

• Duplicate symbol definitions

• Orphaned symbols

• Unused symbols

Output Format

Success:

Validating Kconfig...
✓ Syntax validation passed
✓ Dependency validation passed
✓ Value validation passed

Validation completed successfully

Errors:

Validating Kconfig...
✗ Syntax errors found:
  platforms/STM32/Kconfig:42: Unexpected 'endmenu' without matching 'menu'
  platforms/STM32/Kconfig:58: Missing 'endif' for 'if' at line 45

✗ Dependency errors found:
  CONFIG_UART1_DMA_ENABLE depends on undefined symbol CONFIG_DMA_ENABLE
  Circular dependency: CONFIG_A -> CONFIG_B -> CONFIG_A

✗ Value errors found:
  CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE=1000000 violates range [9600, 921600]
  CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32 and CONFIG_PLATFORM_GD32 cannot both be set

Validation failed with 6 errors

Integration with CI/CD

GitHub Actions:

- name: Validate Kconfig
  run: |
    python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
      echo "Kconfig validation failed"
      exit 1
    fi

Pre-commit hook:

#!/bin/bash
# .git/hooks/pre-commit

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Kconfig validation failed. Commit aborted."
    exit 1
fi

kconfig_migrate.py

概述

Migrates configuration files between different versions of the Nexus platform.

用法

Basic usage:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_migrate.py \
    --input old.config \
    --output new.config \
    --version 2.0

With migration rules:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_migrate.py \
    --input old.config \
    --output new.config \
    --rules migration_rules.py

Command-Line Options

--input PATH           Input configuration file
--output PATH          Output configuration file
--version VERSION      Target version
--rules PATH           Migration rules file
--dry-run              Show changes without writing
--verbose              Enable verbose output
--help                 Show help message

示例

Migrate to version 2.0:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_migrate.py \
    --input .config \
    --output .config.new \
    --version 2.0

Dry run (preview changes):

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_migrate.py \
    --input .config \
    --output .config.new \
    --version 2.0 \
    --dry-run

Custom migration rules:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_migrate.py \
    --input .config \
    --output .config.new \
    --rules custom_rules.py

迁移 Rules

Symbol renaming:

# migration_rules.py
SYMBOL_RENAMES = {
    'OLD_UART_ENABLE': 'STM32_UART_ENABLE',
    'OLD_BAUDRATE': 'UART1_BAUDRATE',
    'OLD_GPIO_ENABLE': 'NATIVE_GPIO_ENABLE',
}

Symbol removal:

DEPRECATED_SYMBOLS = [
    'OLD_FEATURE_ENABLE',
    'LEGACY_MODE',
]

Value transformation:

VALUE_TRANSFORMS = {
    'UART1_MODE': {
        0: 'UART1_MODE_POLLING',
        1: 'UART1_MODE_INTERRUPT',
        2: 'UART1_MODE_DMA',
    }
}

Default values:

NEW_DEFAULTS = {
    'NEW_FEATURE_ENABLE': 'y',
    'NEW_BUFFER_SIZE': '256',
}

Output Format

Migration log:

Migrating configuration from v1.0 to v2.0...

Renamed symbols:
  OLD_UART_ENABLE -> STM32_UART_ENABLE
  OLD_BAUDRATE -> UART1_BAUDRATE

Removed deprecated symbols:
  OLD_FEATURE_ENABLE
  LEGACY_MODE

Added new symbols with defaults:
  NEW_FEATURE_ENABLE=y
  NEW_BUFFER_SIZE=256

Transformed values:
  UART1_MODE: 2 -> UART1_MODE_DMA

Migration completed successfully
Backup saved to: .config.backup

Dry run output:

[DRY RUN] Would rename:
  OLD_UART_ENABLE -> STM32_UART_ENABLE

[DRY RUN] Would remove:
  OLD_FEATURE_ENABLE

[DRY RUN] Would add:
  NEW_FEATURE_ENABLE=y

No changes written (dry run mode)

最佳实践

• Always backup configuration before migration

• Use dry-run to preview changes

• 测试 migrated configuration

• Validate after migration

• Document migration rules

kconfig_diff.py

概述

Compares two configuration files and shows differences.

用法

Basic usage:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py old.config new.config

With options:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py old.config new.config \
    --format json \
    --output diff.json

Command-Line Options

CONFIG1                First configuration file
CONFIG2                Second configuration file
--format FORMAT        Output format (text, json, html)
--output PATH          Output file path
--ignore-comments      Ignore comment differences
--verbose              Enable verbose output
--help                 Show help message

示例

Text format (default):

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py .config platforms/native/defconfig

JSON format:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py old.config new.config \
    --format json \
    --output diff.json

HTML format:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py old.config new.config \
    --format html \
    --output diff.html

Ignore comments:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py old.config new.config \
    --ignore-comments

Output Formats

Text format:

Configuration Diff: old.config vs new.config

Added symbols (3):
  + CONFIG_NEW_FEATURE=y
  + CONFIG_NEW_BUFFER_SIZE=256
  + CONFIG_NEW_MODE=2

Removed symbols (2):
  - CONFIG_OLD_FEATURE=y
  - CONFIG_LEGACY_MODE=1

Changed symbols (4):
  ~ CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE: 9600 -> 115200
  ~ CONFIG_HEAP_SIZE: 16384 -> 32768
  ~ CONFIG_PLATFORM_NAME: "native" -> "STM32"
  ~ CONFIG_OSAL_BACKEND: BAREMETAL -> FREERTOS

Unchanged symbols: 42

Summary:
  Total symbols in old.config: 47
  Total symbols in new.config: 48
  Added: 3
  Removed: 2
  Changed: 4
  Unchanged: 42

JSON format:

{
  "added": [
    {"symbol": "CONFIG_NEW_FEATURE", "value": "y"},
    {"symbol": "CONFIG_NEW_BUFFER_SIZE", "value": "256"}
  ],
  "removed": [
    {"symbol": "CONFIG_OLD_FEATURE", "value": "y"}
  ],
  "changed": [
    {
      "symbol": "CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE",
      "old_value": "9600",
      "new_value": "115200"
    }
  ],
  "unchanged": 42,
  "summary": {
    "total_old": 47,
    "total_new": 48,
    "added": 2,
    "removed": 1,
    "changed": 1
  }
}

HTML format:

Generates an HTML report with color-coded differences:

• Green: Added symbols

• Red: Removed symbols

• Yellow: Changed symbols

• Gray: Unchanged symbols

Use Cases

Compare platform configurations:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py \
    platforms/native/defconfig \
    platforms/STM32/defconfig_stm32f4

Compare before/after changes:

cp .config .config.backup
# Make changes
python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py .config.backup .config

Review configuration updates:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py \
    old_version/.config \
    new_version/.config

Integration with Version Control

Git diff tool:

# .gitconfig
[diff "Kconfig"]
    command = python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py

Pre-merge check:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py \
    main:.config \
    feature-branch:.config

generate_config_docs.py

概述

Generates documentation from Kconfig files, creating a reference guide for all configuration options.

用法

Basic usage:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.md

With options:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.rst \
    --format rst \
    --include-defaults

Command-Line Options

KCONFIG_FILE           Root Kconfig file
--output PATH          Output documentation file
--format FORMAT        Output format (markdown, rst, html)
--include-defaults     Include default values
--include-help         Include help text
--group-by GROUP       Group by (platform, module, type)
--verbose              Enable verbose output
--help                 Show help message

示例

Markdown format:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.md \
    --format markdown

reStructuredText format:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.rst \
    --format rst

HTML format:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.html \
    --format html

Group by platform:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.md \
    --group-by platform

Output Format

Markdown example:

# Configuration Reference

## Platform Configuration

### CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32

**Type:** bool
**Default:** n
**Depends on:** None

Enable STM32 platform support.

The STM32 platform provides support for STMicroelectronics
STM32 series microcontrollers.

### CONFIG_STM32F407

**Type:** bool
**Default:** n
**Depends on:** CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32, CONFIG_STM32F4

Enable STM32F407 variant.

## UART Configuration

### CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE

**Type:** int
**Default:** 115200
**Range:** 9600 to 921600
**Depends on:** CONFIG_INSTANCE_STM32_UART_1

Baud rate for UART1 in bits per second.

reStructuredText example:

Configuration Reference
=======================

Platform Configuration
----------------------

CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

:Type: bool
:Default: n
:Depends on: None

Enable STM32 platform support.

The STM32 platform provides support for STMicroelectronics
STM32 series microcontrollers.

Grouping Options

By platform:

• Native 平台

• STM32 平台

• GD32 平台

• ESP32 平台

By module:

• HAL 配置

• OSAL 配置

• 外设 配置

• 框架 配置

By type:

• Boolean Options

• Integer Options

• String Options

• Hexadecimal Options

Integration with Sphinx

Include in Sphinx documentation:

.. include:: config_reference.rst

Automatic generation:

# conf.py
import subprocess

subprocess.run([
    'python', 'scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py',
    'Kconfig',
    '--output', 'docs/sphinx/reference/config_reference.rst',
    '--format', 'rst'
])

Tool Workflow

Typical Workflow

1. Validate Kconfig files:

python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig

2. Generate configuration:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py --config .config

3. Compare configurations:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_diff.py old.config new.config

4. Migrate if needed:

python scripts/Kconfig/kconfig_migrate.py \
    --input old.config \
    --output new.config \
    --version 2.0

5. Generate documentation:

python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
    --output docs/config_reference.md

CI/CD Integration

Complete CI pipeline:

name: Kconfig CI

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  validate:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Validate Kconfig
        run: |
          python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig

      - name: Generate configuration
        run: |
          python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

      - name: Generate documentation
        run: |
          python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config_docs.py Kconfig \
            --output docs/config_reference.md

      - name: Upload documentation
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: config-docs
          path: docs/config_reference.md

最佳实践

General Guidelines

• Validate before generating

• Use version control for configurations

• Document configuration changes

• Test configurations before deployment

• Use default configurations as templates

• Keep configurations organized

配置 Management

• Use defconfig files for platforms

• Version control .config files

• Document custom configurations

• Use meaningful symbol names

• Group related options

• Provide comprehensive help text

Tool 用法

• Run validation regularly

• Use diff to review changes

• Migrate configurations systematically

• Generate documentation automatically

• Integrate with CI/CD

• Monitor for errors

故障排除

Common Issues

Issue: Tool not found

# Ensure Python is installed
python --version

# Ensure tools are in correct location
ls scripts/Kconfig/

Issue: Permission denied

# Make scripts executable
chmod +x scripts/Kconfig/*.py

Issue: Module not found

# Install required packages
pip install -r requirements.txt

Issue: Invalid configuration

# Validate configuration
python scripts/Kconfig/validate_kconfig.py Kconfig --check-values --config .config

# Fix errors and regenerate
python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

另请参阅

• Kconfig 教程 - Kconfig tutorial

• 外设 配置 Guide - Peripheral configuration

• Platform-Specific 配置 Guide - Platform-specific configuration

• 贡献指南 - Contributing guidelines