Platform-Specific 配置 Guide

本指南提供 Nexus 嵌入式平台中每个支持平台的详细配置信息。

概述

Nexus 平台支持多个硬件平台，每个平台都有独特的特性和配置要求：

  • Native：用于开发和测试的 PC 仿真平台

  • STM32F4: ARM Cortex-M4 microcontrollers (STM32F407, STM32F429, STM32F446)

  • STM32H7: ARM Cortex-M7 microcontrollers (STM32H743, STM32H750)

  • GD32: GigaDevice microcontrollers (GD32F303, GD32F307)

  • ESP32：Espressif ESP32 WiFi/蓝牙 SoC

平台 Selection

使用选择菜单选择一个平台：

choice
    prompt "Target Platform"
    default PLATFORM_NATIVE

config PLATFORM_NATIVE
    bool "Native Platform (PC Simulation)"

config PLATFORM_STM32
    bool "STM32 Platform"

config PLATFORM_GD32
    bool "GD32 Platform"

config PLATFORM_ESP32
    bool "ESP32 Platform"

config PLATFORM_NRF52
    bool "NRF52 Platform"

endchoice

一次只能选择一个平台。

Native 平台

概述

Native 平台提供无需硬件的 PC 仿真，用于开发和测试。它可在 Windows、Linux 和 macOS 上运行。

Features:

  • Simulated peripherals (UART, GPIO, SPI, I2C, Timer, ADC)

  • 无需硬件

  • 快速开发迭代

  • 跨平台支持

  • Debugging with standard tools (GDB, Visual Studio)

快速开始

1. Use default configuration:

cp platforms/native/defconfig .config
python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

2. Build:

CMake -B build -DPLATFORM=native
CMake --build build

3. Run:

./build/applications/blinky/blinky

平台 配置

Basic configuration:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_NATIVE=y
CONFIG_NATIVE_PLATFORM_NAME="Native Platform (PC Simulation)"
CONFIG_NATIVE_PLATFORM_VERSION="1.0.0"

Platform settings:

# Logging
CONFIG_NATIVE_ENABLE_LOGGING=y
CONFIG_NATIVE_LOG_LEVEL=3  # 0=None, 1=Error, 2=Warning, 3=Info, 4=Debug

# Statistics
CONFIG_NATIVE_ENABLE_STATISTICS=y

# Memory alignment
CONFIG_NATIVE_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT=4

Resource managers:

CONFIG_NATIVE_DMA_CHANNELS=8
CONFIG_NATIVE_ISR_SLOTS=64

支持 Peripherals

UART:

CONFIG_NATIVE_UART_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_NATIVE_UART_MAX_INSTANCES=4
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_UART_0=y
CONFIG_UART0_BAUDRATE=115200

GPIO:

CONFIG_NATIVE_GPIO_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_GPIOA=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_GPIOA_PIN0=y

SPI:

CONFIG_NATIVE_SPI_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_SPI_0=y
CONFIG_SPI0_MAX_SPEED=1000000

I2C:

CONFIG_NATIVE_I2C_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_I2C_0=y
CONFIG_NX_I2C0_SPEED_FAST=y

Timer:

CONFIG_NATIVE_TIMER_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_TIMER_0=y
CONFIG_TIMER0_FREQUENCY=1000000

ADC:

CONFIG_NATIVE_ADC_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_NX_ADC_0=y
CONFIG_NX_ADC0_RESOLUTION_12=y

OSAL 配置

Native OSAL backend:

CONFIG_OSAL_NATIVE=y
CONFIG_OSAL_BACKEND_NAME="native"
CONFIG_OSAL_TICK_RATE_HZ=1000
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=65536
CONFIG_OSAL_MAIN_STACK_SIZE=4096

Alternative: FreeRTOS on Native:

CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS=y
CONFIG_OSAL_BACKEND_NAME="FreeRTOS"
CONFIG_OSAL_TICK_RATE_HZ=1000
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=32768

限制

  • 模拟外设与实际硬件时序不匹配

  • 无真实中断延迟

  • 无电源管理

  • 无硬件特定功能

最佳实践

  • 使用本地平台进行算法开发

  • 测试 hardware-independent code

  • 在硬件部署前验证配置

  • 用于 CI/CD 测试

STM32F4 平台

概述

STM32F4 平台支持 STMicroelectronics STM32F4 系列 ARM Cortex-M4 微控制器。

Supported Variants:

  • STM32F407：168 MHz，1 MB Flash，192 KB RAM

  • STM32F429：180 MHz，2 MB Flash，256 KB RAM

  • STM32F446：180 MHz，512 KB Flash，128 KB RAM

Features:

  • 带 FPU 的 ARM Cortex-M4

  • 最高 180 MHz

  • 丰富的外设集

  • DMA 支持

  • 低功耗模式

快速开始

1. Use default configuration:

cp platforms/STM32/defconfig_stm32f4 .config
python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

2. Build:

CMake -B build -DPLATFORM=STM32 -DCHIP=STM32F407
CMake --build build

3. Flash:

openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f4x.cfg \
    -c "program build/applications/blinky/blinky.elf verify reset exit"

平台 配置

Platform selection:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32=y
CONFIG_STM32_PLATFORM_NAME="STM32 Platform"
CONFIG_STM32_PLATFORM_VERSION="1.0.0"

Chip selection:

# Chip family
CONFIG_STM32F4=y

# Chip variant
CONFIG_STM32F407=y
CONFIG_STM32_CHIP_NAME="STM32F407xx"

Platform settings:

CONFIG_STM32_ENABLE_LOGGING=y
CONFIG_STM32_LOG_LEVEL=3
CONFIG_STM32_ENABLE_STATISTICS=y
CONFIG_STM32_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT=4

Resource managers:

CONFIG_STM32_DMA_CHANNELS=8
CONFIG_STM32_ISR_SLOTS=64

Memory 配置

STM32F407 memory layout:

CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x20000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x00020000      # 128 KB
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00100000    # 1 MB

STM32F429 memory layout:

CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x20000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x00030000      # 192 KB
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00200000    # 2 MB

STM32F446 memory layout:

CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x20000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x00020000      # 128 KB
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00080000    # 512 KB

外设 配置

UART with DMA:

CONFIG_STM32_UART_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_STM32_UART_MAX_INSTANCES=6
CONFIG_INSTANCE_STM32_UART_1=y
CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE=115200
CONFIG_UART1_MODE_DMA=y
CONFIG_UART1_DMA_TX_CHANNEL=4
CONFIG_UART1_DMA_RX_CHANNEL=5
CONFIG_UART1_TX_PIN=9
CONFIG_UART1_RX_PIN=10
CONFIG_UART1_TX_PORT="GPIOA"
CONFIG_UART1_RX_PORT="GPIOA"

GPIO:

CONFIG_STM32_GPIO_ENABLE=y

SPI:

CONFIG_STM32_SPI_ENABLE=y

I2C:

CONFIG_STM32_I2C_ENABLE=y

Timer:

CONFIG_STM32_TIMER_ENABLE=y

OSAL 配置

FreeRTOS (recommended):

CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS=y
CONFIG_OSAL_BACKEND_NAME="FreeRTOS"
CONFIG_OSAL_TICK_RATE_HZ=1000
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=32768
CONFIG_OSAL_MAIN_STACK_SIZE=2048
CONFIG_OSAL_MAX_PRIORITIES=32

Bare-metal:

CONFIG_OSAL_BAREMETAL=y
CONFIG_OSAL_BACKEND_NAME="baremetal"
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=16384

时钟 配置

STM32F407 (168 MHz):

  • HSE：8 MHz 外部晶振

  • PLL：168 MHz 系统时钟

  • AHB：168 MHz

  • APB1：42 MHz

  • APB2：84 MHz

STM32F429 (180 MHz):

  • HSE：8 MHz 外部晶振

  • PLL：180 MHz 系统时钟

  • AHB：180 MHz

  • APB1：45 MHz

  • APB2：90 MHz

开发 Boards

STM32F407 Discovery:

  • STM32F407VGT6

  • 8 MHz HSE

  • ST-LINK/V2 调试器

  • PD12-PD15 上的 LED

  • PA0 上的用户按钮

STM32F429 Discovery:

  • STM32F429ZIT6

  • 8 MHz HSE

  • ST-LINK/V2-B 调试器

  • 2.4" LCD 显示屏

  • PG13-PG14 上的 LED

调试

OpenOCD:

openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f4x.cfg

GDB:

arm-none-eabi-gdb build/applications/blinky/blinky.elf
(gdb) target remote localhost:3333
(gdb) monitor reset halt
(gdb) load
(gdb) continue

ST-LINK Utility:

  • 使用 ST-LINK Utility 进行烧录

  • 支持批量擦除和选项字节

限制

  • 最大 180 MHz 时钟

  • 与 STM32H7 相比 RAM 有限

  • No cache (except STM32F429)

  • 仅单精度 FPU

最佳实践

  • 对高吞吐量外设使用 DMA

  • 为浮点运算启用 FPU

  • 仔细配置时钟树

  • Use appropriate power modes

  • Validate pin assignments with datasheet

STM32H7 平台

概述

STM32H7 平台支持 STMicroelectronics STM32H7 系列 ARM Cortex-M7 微控制器。

Supported Variants:

  • STM32H743: 480 MHz, 2 MB Flash, 1 MB RAM

  • STM32H750: 480 MHz, 128 KB Flash, 1 MB RAM (bootloader variant)

Features:

  • ARM Cortex-M7 with double-precision FPU

  • Up to 480 MHz

  • Large RAM (up to 1 MB)

  • Advanced peripherals

  • Dual-bank Flash

  • Hardware crypto accelerator

  • Cache (I-Cache, D-Cache)

快速开始

1. Use default configuration:

cp platforms/STM32/defconfig_stm32h7 .config
python scripts/Kconfig/generate_config.py

2. Build:

CMake -B build -DPLATFORM=STM32 -DCHIP=STM32H743
CMake --build build

3. Flash:

openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32h7x.cfg \
    -c "program build/applications/blinky/blinky.elf verify reset exit"

平台 配置

Platform selection:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_STM32=y
CONFIG_STM32_PLATFORM_NAME="STM32 Platform"
CONFIG_STM32_PLATFORM_VERSION="1.0.0"

Chip selection:

# Chip family
CONFIG_STM32H7=y

# Chip variant
CONFIG_STM32H743=y
CONFIG_STM32_CHIP_NAME="STM32H743xx"

Platform settings:

CONFIG_STM32_ENABLE_LOGGING=y
CONFIG_STM32_LOG_LEVEL=3
CONFIG_STM32_ENABLE_STATISTICS=y
CONFIG_STM32_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT=4

Memory 配置

STM32H743 memory layout:

# DTCM RAM (64 KB) - fastest, for stack and critical data
CONFIG_LINKER_DTCM_START=0x20000000
CONFIG_LINKER_DTCM_SIZE=0x00010000

# AXI SRAM (512 KB) - main RAM
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x24000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x00080000

# SRAM1 (128 KB)
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM1_START=0x30000000
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM1_SIZE=0x00020000

# SRAM2 (128 KB)
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM2_START=0x30020000
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM2_SIZE=0x00020000

# SRAM3 (32 KB)
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM3_START=0x30040000
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM3_SIZE=0x00008000

# SRAM4 (64 KB) - backup domain
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM4_START=0x38000000
CONFIG_LINKER_SRAM4_SIZE=0x00010000

# Flash (2 MB, dual-bank)
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00200000

STM32H750 memory layout:

# Same RAM as STM32H743
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x24000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x00080000

# Smaller Flash (128 KB)
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00020000

Memory Regions

DTCM (Data Tightly Coupled Memory):

  • 64 KB

  • Zero wait state

  • Best for stack and frequently accessed data

  • Not accessible by DMA

AXI SRAM:

  • 512 KB

  • Main application RAM

  • Accessible by all masters

  • Use for general purpose

SRAM1/2/3:

  • 128 KB + 128 KB + 32 KB

  • Accessible by DMA

  • Use for DMA buffers

SRAM4:

  • 64 KB

  • Backup domain

  • Retained in standby mode

  • Use for persistent data

外设 配置

UART with DMA:

CONFIG_STM32_UART_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_STM32_UART_1=y
CONFIG_UART1_BAUDRATE=115200
CONFIG_UART1_MODE_DMA=y
CONFIG_UART1_DMA_TX_CHANNEL=4
CONFIG_UART1_DMA_RX_CHANNEL=5

High-speed SPI:

CONFIG_STM32_SPI_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_STM32_SPI_1=y
CONFIG_SPI1_MAX_SPEED=50000000  # 50 MHz

Fast I2C:

CONFIG_STM32_I2C_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_STM32_I2C_1=y
CONFIG_NX_I2C1_SPEED_FAST_PLUS=y  # 1 MHz

OSAL 配置

FreeRTOS (recommended):

CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS=y
CONFIG_OSAL_BACKEND_NAME="FreeRTOS"
CONFIG_OSAL_TICK_RATE_HZ=1000
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=32768
CONFIG_OSAL_MAIN_STACK_SIZE=2048
CONFIG_OSAL_MAX_PRIORITIES=32

时钟 配置

STM32H743 (480 MHz):

  • HSE: 25 MHz external crystal

  • PLL1: 480 MHz system clock

  • AHB: 240 MHz (with divider)

  • APB1: 120 MHz

  • APB2: 120 MHz

  • APB3: 120 MHz

  • APB4: 120 MHz

Clock domains:

  • sys_ck: 480 MHz (CPU)

  • hclk: 240 MHz (AHB)

  • pclk1-4: 120 MHz (APB)

Cache 配置

Instruction Cache:

CONFIG_STM32H7_ICACHE_ENABLE=y

Data Cache:

CONFIG_STM32H7_DCACHE_ENABLE=y

Cache coherency:

  • Use MPU to configure cacheable regions

  • Mark DMA buffers as non-cacheable

  • Use cache maintenance operations

开发 Boards

NUCLEO-H743ZI:

  • STM32H743ZIT6

  • 25 MHz HSE

  • ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger

  • Arduino Uno V3 connectors

  • Ethernet PHY

STM32H743I-EVAL:

  • STM32H743XIH6

  • Full evaluation board

  • LCD display

  • Audio codec

  • 以太网

  • USB HS/FS

调试

OpenOCD:

openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32h7x.cfg

GDB:

arm-none-eabi-gdb build/applications/blinky/blinky.elf
(gdb) target remote localhost:3333
(gdb) monitor reset halt
(gdb) load
(gdb) continue

性能优化

Enable caches:

SCB_EnableICache();
SCB_EnableDCache();

Use DTCM for stack:

__attribute__((section(".dtcm"))) uint8_t stack[4096];

DMA buffers in SRAM1:

__attribute__((section(".sram1"))) uint8_t dma_buffer[1024];

MPU configuration:

  • Configure Flash as cacheable

  • Configure RAM as cacheable (except DMA buffers)

  • Use write-through for shared data

限制

  • Complex clock tree

  • Multiple RAM regions require careful planning

  • Cache coherency considerations

  • Higher power consumption than STM32F4

最佳实践

  • Use DTCM for stack and critical data

  • Enable caches for performance

  • Configure MPU for cache coherency

  • Use appropriate RAM region for each purpose

  • Validate clock configuration

  • Test with cache enabled/disabled

GD32 平台

概述

The GD32 platform supports GigaDevice GD32 series ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers, which are compatible with STM32.

Supported Variants:

  • GD32F303: Cortex-M4, 120 MHz, 256 KB Flash, 48 KB RAM

  • GD32F307: Cortex-M4, 120 MHz, 512 KB Flash, 96 KB RAM

Features:

  • STM32-compatible peripherals

  • Lower cost alternative

  • Good peripheral set

  • DMA 支持

快速开始

1. Create configuration:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_GD32=y
CONFIG_GD32F30X=y
CONFIG_GD32F303=y

2. Build:

CMake -B build -DPLATFORM=GD32 -DCHIP=GD32F303
CMake --build build

3. Flash:

openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/gd32f3x.cfg \
    -c "program build/applications/blinky/blinky.elf verify reset exit"

平台 配置

Platform selection:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_GD32=y
CONFIG_GD32_PLATFORM_NAME="GD32 Platform"

Chip selection:

CONFIG_GD32F30X=y
CONFIG_GD32F303=y
CONFIG_GD32_CHIP_NAME="GD32F303xx"

Memory 配置

GD32F303:

CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x20000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x0000C000      # 48 KB
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00040000    # 256 KB

GD32F307:

CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_START=0x20000000
CONFIG_LINKER_RAM_SIZE=0x00018000      # 96 KB
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_START=0x08000000
CONFIG_LINKER_FLASH_SIZE=0x00080000    # 512 KB

外设 配置

GD32 peripherals are configured similarly to STM32:

# UART
CONFIG_GD32_UART_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_INSTANCE_GD32_UART_0=y
CONFIG_UART0_BAUDRATE=115200

# GPIO
CONFIG_GD32_GPIO_ENABLE=y

# SPI
CONFIG_GD32_SPI_ENABLE=y

# I2C
CONFIG_GD32_I2C_ENABLE=y

OSAL 配置

CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS=y
CONFIG_OSAL_TICK_RATE_HZ=1000
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=16384

与 STM32 的差异

  • Some peripheral register differences

  • Different USB implementation

  • Slightly different DMA channels

  • Check GD32 datasheet for specifics

最佳实践

  • Verify peripheral compatibility

  • 测试 thoroughly

  • Use GD32-specific documentation

  • Consider STM32 as reference

ESP32 平台

概述

The ESP32 platform supports Espressif ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth SoC.

Features:

  • Dual-core Xtensa LX6

  • WiFi 802.11 b/g/n

  • Bluetooth Classic and BLE

  • 丰富的外设集

  • Large ecosystem

快速开始

1. Create configuration:

CONFIG_PLATFORM_ESP32=y
CONFIG_ESP32_WROOM_32=y

2. Build:

idf.py build

3. Flash:

idf.py flash

平台 配置

CONFIG_PLATFORM_ESP32=y
CONFIG_ESP32_PLATFORM_NAME="ESP32 Platform"

Module selection:

CONFIG_ESP32_WROOM_32=y

外设 配置

# UART
CONFIG_ESP32_UART_ENABLE=y

# GPIO
CONFIG_ESP32_GPIO_ENABLE=y

# SPI
CONFIG_ESP32_SPI_ENABLE=y

# I2C
CONFIG_ESP32_I2C_ENABLE=y

# WiFi
CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLE=y

# Bluetooth
CONFIG_ESP32_BT_ENABLE=y

OSAL 配置

ESP32 uses FreeRTOS:

CONFIG_OSAL_FREERTOS=y
CONFIG_OSAL_TICK_RATE_HZ=1000
CONFIG_OSAL_HEAP_SIZE=65536

WiFi 配置

CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_SSID="MyNetwork"
CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_PASSWORD="MyPassword"
CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_MODE_STA=y

最佳实践

  • Use ESP-IDF for WiFi/BT

  • Manage dual-core carefully

  • Monitor heap usage

  • Use appropriate power modes

平台 Comparison

Feature Comparison

Feature

Native

STM32F4

STM32H7

GD32

ESP32

CPU

x86/ARM

Cortex-M4

Cortex-M7

Cortex-M4

Xtensa LX6

Max Freq

N/A

180 MHz

480 MHz

120 MHz

240 MHz

Flash

N/A

Up to 2 MB

Up to 2 MB

Up to 512 KB

Up to 16 MB

RAM

N/A

Up to 256 KB

Up to 1 MB

Up to 96 KB

520 KB

FPU

是

Single

Double

Single

否

WiFi

否

否

否

否

是

Cost

Free

Low

Medium

Very Low

Low

用例建议

Native:

  • 开发 and testing

  • Algorithm validation

  • CI/CD pipelines

  • 跨平台开发

STM32F4:

  • 通用嵌入式应用

  • Motor control

  • Industrial automation

  • 成本敏感型项目

STM32H7:

  • 高性能应用

  • Digital signal processing

  • Graphics applications

  • Data acquisition

GD32:

  • 成本敏感型项目

  • STM32 alternative

  • Simple applications

ESP32:

  • IoT applications

  • WiFi connectivity

  • Bluetooth devices

  • Smart home

另请参阅